Intelligence artificielle, ontologies et connaissances en médecine Les limites de la mécanisation de la pensée

This theoretical article aims to draw up an inventory of the latest advances in medical knowledge engineering in the specific area of ontologies and knowledge based systems design. Echoing the debates that animated the landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI) from the 1970s under the impetus of Dreyfus HL, it aims to show that most of the difficulties currently faced by medical knowledge engineering are inherent in the nature of AI, whose project is the mechanization of cognitive activity. As such it promotes the idea that only a fair understanding of what machines can do, given their machinic character itself, and remains, despite its cognitive finitude, a property of human being, may offer to balancing the scales between tasks that can be allocated to machines and those that have to be left in